An exploding star, for example, blasts out huge quantities of material into space at exceedingly high speed. That ejecta slams into so much of the interstellar medium so hard that sufficient numbers ...

Waves cause a disturbance of the medium through which they travel. This allows them to carry energy. The quantity of energy carried relates to the amplitude of the wave. In transverse waves ...

Astronomers have described the first measurements of plasma layers within an interstellar shock wave that surrounds a pulsar.