But there’s a silent side effect of estrogen loss that might be the most dangerous—and overlooked—one of all: bone density ...

interact indirectly and directly with important groups of bone cells involved in the bone turnover process (including osteoclasts, osteoblasts and osteocytes) by stimulating the process of bone ...

Our model comprises the following dynamic components to describe the bone turnover through a representative BRU: cell densities of (i) pre-osteoclasts, (ii) osteoclasts, (iii) pre-osteoblasts, (iv) ...

Three days later, the nonadherent cells were washed out, and preosteoclasts were cultured in the presence of 10 ng/mL M-CSF, 50 ng/mL RANKL (Peprotech, London, UK), and various concentrations of ...