D slows things down before the overshoot happens. So why do multicopter pilots dread PID tuning? Quite simply, it’s a tedious process. Couple a new pilot and an unproven aircraft with un-tuned ...

Different programmable logic controllers (PLCs) handle PID control loops in different ways. Some loops need to be set manually, while others can use an autotune process embedded in the PLC's software.

But in many instances, no amount of adjustment of the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) parameters will make the loop behave as desired. When tuning fails, it is time to look outside the PID for ...

A good deal of time is also spent addressing the actual PID programming and tuning – something that could be useful for many different hacks requiring precise feedback control. The end result is ...