But by the end of the 19th century, the industrial social-economic order that tariffs helped foster were quite different from ...

In pre-industrial America, the household was the center of production ... At the same time, women were morally responsible for raising dutiful children, preferably sons. By the mid-19th century, ...

The word “Luddite,” handed down from a British industrial protest that began ... British working families at the start of the 19th century were enduring economic upheaval and widespread ...

Private Collection / Smithsonian American Art Museum At the start of the 19th century, the United States ... grew into one of the world’s leading industrial powers. Meanwhile, the country ...

Proponents argued that tariffs would shield American workers from the socially deleterious consequences of the industrial revolution that were already observable by the early 19th century in ...