The National Kidney Foundation's Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative guidelines encourage more-frequent use of primary arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) in hemodialysis patients, because this ...

A typical patient undergoes dialysis three times per week, with over 300 needle insertions per year ... medical professionals to safely access the cannulation area, as well as self-sealing ...

Central venous dialysis catheter placement was required ... one for a fistula that could not independently support dual-needle cannulation owing to recurrent outflow obstruction and one secondary ...