Hyperrelexic, overactive or spastic bladder or bowels occur with spinal cord injury at or above T12. The primary characteristic of this type of injury is increased organ spasms. The UMN bladder may ...

Areflexic, or flaccid, bladder and bowels occur when the spinal cord injury is low enough to damage the cauda ... Patients do not typically transition to an upper motor neuron bladder or bowels ...