Silicates are a common group of rock-forming minerals that comprise the basis of the Earth’s crust and mantle. When they react with water and atmospheric CO, silicates form stable bicarbonate ...

I am a mineralogist/crystallographer who studies the crystal structures of rock-forming minerals that are significant constituents of the Earth. My research focuses ...

Scandium is a compatible element in many rock-forming minerals such as pyroxenes, amphiboles and clays, where it substitutes for Al. It is therefore rarely concentrated in geological systems except in ...