Hiccups, a common involuntary reflex, are usually temporary and harmless. They arise from diaphragm contractions and can be ...

but this uses the brain and has to be learnt. For example, keeping hold of a hot object requires a nerve impulse to be sent to the motor neuron of the reflex arc to interfere with the normal ...

Neuroimmune modulation represents a promising treatment strategy that uses vagus nerve stimulation to reduce inflammation in ...