Deep in the heart of the matter, some numbers don't add up. For example, while protons and neutrons are made of quarks, ...

A research team from the Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology (APM) of the Chinese Academy of ...

A proton’s valence quarks (blue, red, and green), quark-antiquark pairs, and gluons (springs). Scalar gluon activity (pink) extends beyond the electric charge radius (orange) that surrounds the ...

The constant — the ratio of the mass of a proton to the mass of an electron — has changed by only one hundred thousandth of a percent or less over the past 7 billion years, the observations show. The ...

The constant — the ratio of the mass of a proton to the mass of an electron — has changed by only one hundred thousandth of a percent or less over the past 7 billion years, the observations show. The ...

While quantum physics and general relativity don't always play well together, they agree on important points, including that of the spectra of atoms. To wit: the spectrum of hydrogen shouldn't depend ...

The most precise measurements of the atomic masses of the proton and the electron make use of Penning traps, and for the latter, a hydrogen-like ion, as Edmund Myers explains. Improvements in Penning ...

A staple of science fiction is to change the laws of nature, especially by having interplanetary travelers land on a world where those laws differ from the ones on Earth. It is equally a staple of ...

The constant — the ratio of the mass of a proton to the mass of an electron — has changed by only one hundred thousandth of a percent or less over the past 7 billion years, the observations show. The ...