The optoelectronic logic element AND, OR and XOR is considered, the output signal of which can be inverted when the input control signal is applied, thereby converting the logic element into NAND, NOR ...

Before we plunge headfirst into the fray with gusto and abandon (and aplomb, of course), let’s remind and reassure ourselves that—although the following discussions focus on the devices and ...

Understanding the feed-forward mechanism is required in order to create a neural network that solves difficult practical problems such as predicting the result of a football game or the movement of a ...

The programmable logic controller (PLC) is a microprocessor-based system that accepts input data from switches and sensors, processes that data by making decisions in accordance with a stored program, ...

Modeled on the human brain, neural networks are one of the most common styles of machine learning. Get started with the basic design and concepts of artificial neural networks. Artificial intelligence ...

In the applet below is intended to help you understand the connection between the graph of a function and the function itself. Recall that a function can be thought of as a machine which takes an ...

High-efficiency step-down switching regulators for positive voltages are very common, however negative step-down switching regulators (negative voltage in, negative voltage out, common ground) are not ...