Figure 1. A closed-circuit cooler. Photos courtesy of Evapco. It’s a common question during the early design phase of large mechanical systems: Is open- or closed-loop cooling equipment better suited ...

Geothermal energy now stands out as a reliable, low-carbon solution in the transition to a balanced energy mix. While conventional geothermal systems rely on specific geological conditions, such as ...

Closed-loop pumped-hydro storage offers more chances to minimize environmental effects on water sources and overcomes the problem of finding suitable sites. According to an Australian research team, ...