This creates what material scientists refer to as engineering stress (load divided by the initial cross-sectional area) and engineering strain (displacement divided by initial length). By looking at ...

The volume of any cylinder is the area of the cross-section multiplied by its height. This is given by the formula \(V\) = π\(r\)²\(h\) , where \(r\) is the radius of the circular cross-section ...

A second experiment can be carried out to investigate experimentally how the resistance of a metallic conductor at constant temperature depends on the area of cross section. The above experiment ...