The following are some basic facts about input loop power sources: The input module usually isn't a loop power source. Although 120V is common for digital loops, other voltages are also used. There ...

Industrial control systems can be categorized in two types: open-loop and closed-loop systems. The open-loop control system is a continuous control system that provides no feedback from its output.

I/O modules are building blocks of industrial control systems used in end equipment such as PLC (Programmable Logic Controllers), PAC (Programmable Automation Controller) and DCS (Distributed Control ...

Today's microcontroller units (MCUs) can implement the control functions and feedback loops of off-line ac-dc power converters, which do not require extremely fast control loops. As an example, a ...

In our previous issue, we noted that the first step in troubleshooting digital input modules is to verify the power source of each loop. If input power is missing, the causes can be such things as ...