Recent study discusses the challenges of managing parturients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) during anesthesia, ...

Two of the most frequently used are spinal anesthesia and epidural anesthesia, which are produced by injections ... Often, both general anesthesia and regional anesthesia are combined during the ...

The local anesthetics commonly used are bupivacaine and ropivacaine, and they are usually combined with a small dose of fentanyl or hydromorphone. The anesthetic agents that are infused through the ...