The distribution of outermost shell electrons, known as valence electrons, of organic molecules was observed for the first time. As the interactions between atoms are governed by the valence electrons ...

A team of researchers at the Max Born Institute have managed to fully characterize few-femtosecond-long light pulses tunable ...

Valence Electron Examples: Valence electrons play an important role in the field of chemistry, affecting how atoms interact and bond with each other. These outermost electrons are responsible for ...

For the first time, scientists have used ultrafast X-ray flashes to take a direct image of a single electron as it moved during a chemical reaction. In the new study, published Aug. 20 in the journal ...

A group of researchers from Ehime University investigated valence electron configurations using light, expanding on prior studies of superconductors and quantum spin liquids. The findings were ...

A valence electron in titanium oxide has been imaged at a resolution of 0.2 Angstroms using synchrotron X-ray diffraction and a new Fourier synthesis method that can determine the orbital states in ...